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<title><![CDATA[
Climate Change Adaptation Training in Micronesia: Part I
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<p>Conference participants</p>
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<em>Former Brighter Green intern Whitney Hoot is chronicling her experiences as a supervisor in a climate change adaptation program in Pohnpei, Micronesia, a small island developing nation at risk from rising sea levels and other effects of global warming. This is the first blog in a three-blog series.</em><br />
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Most Micronesians do not have a firm understanding of climate change and its potential impacts on their lives&#8212;this could probably also be said for most Americans&#8212;however it seems especially consequential that islanders lack this knowledge, as the effects of climate change are likely to drastically alter the traditional ways of life in this region. In Pohnpei (in the Federated States of Micronesia), we have four seasons &#8211; &#8220;reken leng&#8221; (the season of the trees, when we eat breadfruit); &#8220;reken pwel&#8221; (the season of the ground, when we eat yams); &#8220;reken sed&#8221; (the season of the sea, when we eat fish); and &#8220;reken isol&#8221; (when there is nothing, so we survive on bananas and whatever else the earth provides). <br />
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However, indigenous leaders and village elders posit that the seasons have changed in the past twenty years or so, that they are no longer predictable or reliable. This is one of the most interesting things I learned over the last week, when representatives of the <a href=&#8221;http://www.fsmgov.org/&#8221;target=&#8221;_blank&#8221;>Pohnpei State and FSM national governments</a>, NGO staff members, climate scientists, traditional leaders, and educators participated in the Climate Change Adaptation Outreach and Planning Training, hosted by <a href=&#8221;http://www.ourmicronesia.org/&#8221;target=&#8221;_blank&#8221;>Micronesia Conservation Trust (MCT)</a> and the <a href=&#8221;http://www.pimpac.org/&#8221;target=&#8221;_blank&#8221;>Pacific Islands Marine Protected Areas Community (PIMPAC)</a>. <br />
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I represented the <a href=&#8221;http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/federated-states-micronesia&#8221;target=&#8221;_blank&#8221;>International Organization for Migration (IOM)</a>, where I am now working as the supervisor for the Climate Adaptation and Disaster Risk Education (CADRE) Pilot Program. <br />
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We spent the first two days of the training practicing our outreach and awareness-raising abilities, enhancing our knowledge of climate change so that we might better communicate it to others. We used MCT&#8217;s &#8220;Adapting to a Changing Climate&#8221; Toolkit, a large, high-quality flip chart that includes images (hand drawn by a Fijian artist) showing the contrast between healthy Micronesian communities and unhealthy (or threatened &#8211; we debated over the most appropriate terminology) communities. <br />
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The most important message to take from this toolkit is that a community with intact social and natural resources&#8212;such as strong leadership, waste management, healthy mangroves, and abundant sources of food&#8212;will be more resilient in the face of climate change. As Pacific Islanders, we can&#8217;t stop climate change, but we can prepare ourselves by ensuring that we understand what may happen and how to limit the impacts. <br />
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The expected results of climate change in this region include increasing ocean acidification (which weakens coral reefs), rising sea surface and air temperatures, sea level rise, and changing weather patterns, including a change in frequency of major climate events, such as typhoons and droughts. Understanding these concepts is hard enough, but the real challenge emerges when explaining them to a local community &#8211; how can we make global climate change seem applicable on a microscale? <br />
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Luckily, the traditional leaders present at the training were extremely helpful. I learned about the seasons on Pohnpei and how important they are to the people here. Explaining how climate change may affect these seasons will be far more effective than showering local communities with scientific jargon and technical graphs. <br />
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Photo courtesy of Whitney Hoot<br />
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<pubDate>Thu, 02 Feb 2012 11:26:14 CST</pubDate>
<author> (Whitney Hoot)</author>
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<title><![CDATA[
Global Civil Society Workshop Analyzing Rio+20 "Zero Draft"
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This past Tuesday, I attended the <a href="http://iboninternational.org/page/whats_new/124"target="_blank">Global Civil Society Worksop on the Rio+20 "Zero Draft" and Rights for Sustainability</a>.  The workshop lasted a little over three hours, with input from various representatives from international NGOs about how best to prepare for the much-anticipated <a href="http://www.uncsd2012.org/rio20/index.html"target="_blank">Rio+20</a> conference in June of this year.  It is called "Rio+20" because it is taking place 20 years after a similar meeting occurred in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, sometimes called the Earth Summit, or <a href="http://www.un.org/geninfo/bp/enviro.html"target="_blank">UNCED (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development)</a>.  Like it sounds, the conference was an eleven-day discussion between heads of state, governments, and NGOs to address how human development could continue, while protecting the environment, natural resources, and local populations.<br />
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Most of the 30+ attendees of this week's workshop were also participating in the <a href="http://www.uncsd2012.org/rio20/index.php?page=view&nr=409&type=13&menu=23"target="_blank">January 25-27 Informal Consultation on the Rio+20 Zero Draft</a> also held at the UN.<br />
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The purpose of the workshop was to listen to speakers, including <a href="http://www.democracynow.org/appearances/ivonne_yanez"target="_blank">Ivonne Yanez of Oilwatch</a>, <a href="https://twitter.com/#!/jhoffmaister"target="_blank">Juan Hoffmaister of TWN (Third World Network)</a>, and <a href="http://iboninternational.org/search/read/124/paul%20quintos"target="_blank">Paul Quintos of IBON</a>, discuss the content of the Zero Draft, and strategize how to argue effectively for a rights-based approach.  Some major points discussed and debated were:<br />
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Who benefits from the Zero Draft, as it is currently written?<br />
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Why has language about Nature continually become humanized (ie natural capital or environmental services)?<br />
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Were small farmers and indigenous populations consulted in the making of the Draft?<br />
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Will equity play a factor in the determinations of the meeting?<br />
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Paul Quintos of IBON, the organizer of the workshop, mentioned four major issues he had with the current Draft which generally summarize the group's perceptions:<br />
<blockquote>1. It does not respond to the gravity and urgency of the economic, social, and ecological crises gripping the world today.<br />
2. It fails to identify the underlying causes of these multiple convergent crises.<br />
3. It repeats many prescriptions that have caused or contributed to unsustainable development.<br />
4. Finally, it challenges civl society to continue engagement.</blockquote><br />
UN Official <a href="http://www.unep.org/women_env/w_details.asp?w_id=425"target="_blank">Chantal Line Carpentier</a> was present for part of the workshop, and encouraged the group to propose a concrete alternative to the current Zero Draft, if we were unhappy with it as is.  We'll soon find out.<br />
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To view the Zero Draft, click <a href="http://www.uncsd2012.org/rio20/content/documents/370The%20Future%20We%20Want%2010Jan%20clean%20_no%20brackets.pdf"target="_blank">here</a>.<br />
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<pubDate>Fri, 27 Jan 2012 15:09:58 CST</pubDate>
<author> (Caroline Wimberly)</author>
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<title><![CDATA[
Literary Animal: Reading India, Part III
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This installment of the <a href=http://brightergreen.org/brightergreen.php?id=51">Literary Animal: Reading India series </a>will be a slight foray into linguistics.<br />
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<strong>Part III: The Language of Violence</strong><br />
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Katherine Russell Rich&#8217;s <em><a href="http://www.katherinerussellrich.com/">Dreaming in Hindi: Coming Awake in Another Language</em></a> is part travel memoir, part scholarly inquiry into the science of language acquisition. Rich documents her time in Udaipur, Rajasthan where she enrolled in a Hindi study program. The beginning of her studies coincided with September 11, 2001. The event and its aftermath influenced the Hindi words she would acquire those first few weeks. <br />
<blockquote>&#8220;There are Hindi words from those days I used so often, they&#8217;re hardwired for all time: <em>&#8216;terrorism,&#8217; &#8216;fanaticism,&#8217; &#8216;safety,&#8217; &#8216;exploitation,&#8217; &#8216;war&#8217;.&#8221;</em></blockquote><!--readmore--><br />
Rich witnessed violence elsewhere too in those initial days:<br />
<blockquote>One afternoon on the street, I heard unholy screams and saw that two men outside a house had a pig lassoed by the neck. The animal was crying frantically…one man grabbed the doomed pig&#8217;s legs and flipped it on its back, and the other, flashing metal, leaned down, and the cries grew more terrified…In my room, I couldn&#8217;t stop crying. <em>You&#8217;re a spoiled American</em>, I thought. <em>What do you think you&#8217;ve been eating all these years? Lovingly culled meat &#8216;products&#8217;? Happy cows? Happy pigs? </em>&#8216;I&#8217;ve never seen anything being killed before. Never,&#8217; I said out loud, which brought the next thought. &#8216;Oh God, those people.&#8217;&#8221;</blockquote> <br />
While not vegetarian, Rich stayed with a Jain family for part of her time and subsisted mostly on rice and vegetables. As a former student of American Sign Language (ASL), one of the most interesting parts of the book for me was Rich&#8217;s time volunteering at a deaf school and learning bits of Rajasthani Sign Language. The ASL sign for meat involves the thumb and forefinger of one hand pinching the space between the thumb and forefinger of the other hand, as if indicating the flesh. In Rajasthani Sign Language, the sign for meat is more direct:<br />
<blockquote>&#8220;Do I eat meat, a boy, looking slightly green, wants to know. When I see how you sign that one&#8212;head decapitation&#8212;I do the sensible thing. I lie and say no.&#8221;</blockquote><br />
When I first started interviewing people for the <a href="http://www.brightergreen.org/files/india_bg_pp_2011.pdf"target="_blank">Brighter Green India Case study</a>, one of the challenges I faced was having the right vocabulary to talk about industrialized animal agriculture. While "veg" and "non-veg" are part of the vernacular in India, CAFOs weren&#8217;t, and at times people did not understand what I meant when I said &#8216;factory farms.&#8217;  Yet, households easily understood the vulnerabilities like bird flu, grain shortages, and drought. As Rich&#8217;s first days in Rajasthan suggest, catastrophes inform language. <br />
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It will be interesting to see the words that will be used to describe factory farming in India, and whether they will shape a narrative of dollar signs, growth, and modernity, or reveal the risks, inequities, and inherent violence. Perhaps the signed languages will more explicitly capture the realities. <br />
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<em>To read the other posts in this blog series, Literary Animal: Reading India, click <a href="http://brightergreen.org/brightergreen.php?id=51">here.</a></em><br />
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<pubDate>Tue, 24 Jan 2012 19:17:07 CST</pubDate>
<author> (Sangamithra Iyer)</author>
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<title><![CDATA[
Literary Animal: Reading India, Part II
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Coinciding with the launch of our recent India case study, <a href="http://brightergreen.org/brightergreen.php?id=24">Veg or Non-Veg? India at a Crossroads</a>, we are continuing our <a href="http://brightergreen.org/brightergreen.php?id=51">blog series</a> examining where recent writings on a changing India intersect with Brighter Green's interests in animal agriculture, food security and climate change. <br />
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<strong>Part II:  The Cow Broker</strong><br />
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In my visits to Indian dairies, when I asked what happens to the &#8216;spent&#8217; cows and buffaloes and unwanted male calves, I often heard about &#8220;the middleman,&#8221; who would come and take the cows away or sell them to slaughter. In the <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/10/10/111010fa_fact_kapur">October 10, 2011 issue of the <em>New Yorker</em></a>, Akash Kapur writes about one such middleman, in his article <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/10/10/111010fa_fact_kapur">&#8220;The Shandy: The Cost of Being a Cow Broker in Rural India.&#8221; </a>Here we meet R. Ramadas, a cow broker in a shandy, or cow market in Tamil Nadu. <br />
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Kapur is interested in this new India where, &#8220;rice fields were giving way to highways, farmland to software complexes, and saris to pants.&#8221;  While these changes are more pronounced in the big cities, Kapur examines the changes in a rural context.  The shandies, he learned, were once big agricultural fairs, but now are dominated more by businessmen than farmers. Local produce used to be sold there, but now none can be found.<br />
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Kapur describes the scene at the market: <blockquote>&#8220;The cows were tied together with thick ropes, and dragged around by their owners, their teats and mouths and vaginas examined by potential buyers.&#8221; </blockquote>Ramadas scolded another man at the market who talked about punishing his daughters for not studying hard enough.  &#8220;What were you thinking, tying them up and beating them?&#8221; Ramadas asked. &#8220;Did you think they were cows?&#8221;<br />
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Ramadas once sold 1500 cows in one month: <br />
<blockquote>&#8220;He had sold the cows to a trader who shipped them to Kuwait, where they were slaughtered and eaten.  Now there was no need to ship cows to slaughterhouses in the Gulf, he said; plenty of people in India ate beef&#8212;young people, city dwellers, even villagers.&#8221; </blockquote><br />
As a result of rising demand, prices rose.  His career as a cow broker earned Ramadas enough money to send his children to college, but they will pursue other fields, and not go into the family business.<br />
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Kapur writes about the changing culture around eating beef:  &#8220;Ramadas himself ate beef, and so did many of his friends, though he wouldn&#8217;t name them because they would be ashamed.&#8221; He further captures the social and religious complexity of this situation:<br />
<blockquote>&#8220;Ramadas was a Dalit&#8212;a member of the &#8220;untouchable&#8221; caste&#8212;and, as I got to know him, I realized that his atheism had been shaped by the discrimination he had suffered and seen all his life.&#8221;</blockquote>  Ramadas&#8217;s wife and children were, however, deeply religious and didn&#8217;t approve of his work.  His eldest child died in a traffic accident, and other relatives believed perhaps it was punishment for the work Ramadas did. Even his wife wondered: &#8220;I had to wonder, and sometimes I still wonder, if that&#8217;s why my son died.&#8221;<br />
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As for Ramadas, his family's beliefs about his work, hurts him: "He pointed as his chest. 'It pains me here. That's how I feel.'"<br />
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"The Shandy" is an excerpt of Kapur's forthcoming book, <a href=http://akashkapur.com/AkashKapur-IndiaBecoming.pdf"><em>India Becoming: A Portrait of Life in Modern India</em></a>, to be published in March 2012.<br />
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Check out the  <a href="http://www.newyorker.com/online/2011/10/10/111010on_audio_kapur"> <em>New Yorker</em> podcast with Akash Kapur </a> that discuses this article.<br />
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Click <a href="http://brightergreen.org/a.php?id=47">here</a> to view Brighter Green's <a href="http://brightergreen.org/a.php?id=47">videos</a> on India's diary and beef industries.<br />
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<em>To read the other posts in this blog series, Literary Animal: Reading India, click <a href="http://brightergreen.org/brightergreen.php?id=51">here.</a></em><br />
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<pubDate>Mon, 16 Jan 2012 22:03:45 CST</pubDate>
<author> (Sangamithra Iyer)</author>
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Literary Animal: Reading India, Part I
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Over the past several years, there has been a considerable amount of writing about modern(izing) India. From different angles, writers are witnessing and documenting a subcontinent undergoing significant shifts. The <em>New York Times</em> recently launched their first country specific blog, <a href="http://india.blogs.nytimes.com/"target="_blank">India Ink</a>. At Brighter Green, we&#8217;ve been most interested in the social and environmental issues that are emerging with a changing country, a changing diet, and a changing climate. Our recent paper <a href="http://www.brightergreen.org/files/india_bg_pp_2011.pdf"target="_blank">Veg or Non-Veg? India at the Crossroads</a>, and our videos on India&#8217;s <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ClpXIzSzNoM&feature=player_embedded"target="_blank">chicken</a> and <a href="http://sangamithra.wordpress.com/2011/09/26/in-search-of-sacred-cows/"target="_blank">dairy industries</a> delve into this further. In this <a href="http://brightergreen.org/brightergreen.php?id=51">blog series</a>, we hope to highlight writings on India and where they intersect with our work with respect to sustainability, equity, and rights, particularly in the context of food security and climate change.<br />
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<strong>Part I: Red Sorghum and &#8216;F&B&#8217;</strong><br />
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In his recent book, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Beautiful-Damned-Portrait-New-India/dp/0385665288"target="_blank"><em>The Beautiful and the Damned: A Portrait of the New India</em></a>, Siddhartha Deb examines the growing inequity that has paralleled India&#8217;s economic growth.  Deb notes:<br />
<blockquote>&#8220;Even as the number of millionaires and billionaires has increased, followed by the aspirers from the middle classes, the poor have seen either little or no improvement at all…In 2004-5, the last year for which data was available, the total number of people in India consuming less than 20 rupees (or 50 cents) a day was 836 million&#8212;or 77 per cent of the population.&#8221;</blockquote><br />
<!--readmore--><a href="http://brightergreen.org/a.php?id=46"target="_blank">Brighter Green&#8217;s policy paper</a> also acknowledges this disparity:<br />
<blockquote>&#8220;Even though the expansion of India&#8217;s middle class has encouraged Indian and multinational enterprises to cater to their aspirations through an expanded array of consumer goods, luxury housing, shopping malls, and even fast-food outlets, poverty, low levels of human development, and hunger remain widespread.&#8221;</blockquote><br />
In his piece for the <em>Boston Review, </em><a href="http://bostonreview.net/BR36.3/siddhartha_deb_india_food_crisis.php "target="_blank">"Feast and Famine: India Is Growing, But Indians Are Still Starving,"</a> Deb further explores this issue. While <em>The Beautiful and the Damned </em> is not exclusively focused on India&#8217;s changing diet, we do get a glimpse of the consequences. There is a chapter on red sorghum farmers, which has all the attributes of a thrilling crime story revolving around price fixing, debt, and violence. In this context, Deb compares red sorghum to a  &#8220;a very cheap kind of cocaine.&#8221; Only near the end of the chapter, does he ask &#8220;'What is red sorghum for?&#8217; … &#8216;Can People eat it?&#8217;&#8221;   And the response:<br />
<blockquote>&#8220;&#8216;No, no,&#8217; the people around me cried out. &#8216;It&#8217;s for the bhains, cattle and for chicken.&#8217;…&#8217;It makes them fat, makes them produce more milk, more eggs, more meat, so that people in the cities can eat them and get bigger.&#8217;&#8221;</blockquote> <br />
The final chapter of Deb's book focuses on a woman he calls &#8220;Esther&#8221; who works in &#8216;F&B&#8217;, the growing Food and Business industry. Deb provides a view of the shopping malls and chain restaurants emerging in India. Deb meets Esther in a McDonalds in Delhi. &#8220;The menu had no beef, and mutton had been squeezed in as a replacement for the Mahaburger.&#8221; Esther, like many of the women working in this industry, had migrated to Delhi from the northeast looking for work. These economic opportunities for women in F&B have come with risks. A lawyer shares with Deb the types of harassment these women face. Deb writes:<br />
<blockquote>&#8220;The harassment moved easily along the bottom half of the class ladder, targeting semi-literate women who worked as maidservants as well as the more educated ones with jobs at restaurants…It was the sudden explosion of malls and restaurants that had created jobs like the ones at Pizza Hut where men and women worked together; it had drawn thousands of women from the north-east, pried for their English and their lighter skin it had also stoked the confused desires of men from deeply patriarchal cultures.&#8221;</blockquote><br />
Through a series of profiles, Deb unearths some of the complexities arising from wealth and globalization in the New India.<br />
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<em>To read the other posts in this blog series, Literary Animal: Reading India, click <a href="http://brightergreen.org/brightergreen.php?id=51">here.</a></em><br />
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<pubDate>Thu, 05 Jan 2012 15:56:09 CST</pubDate>
<author> (Sangamithra Iyer)</author>
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India Paper at Last!
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Brighter Green's multi-year, multi-media project, <a href="http://brightergreen.org/brightergreen.php?id=24"target="_blank">Climate Change and the Globalization of Industrial Animal Agriculture</a> is now complete with the release of the India case study, <strong>"Veg or Non-Veg? India at the Crossroads."</strong><br />
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India's status as a vegetarian society is slowly changing, partly due to the growing industrialization of of its livestock sector. This paper examines India's ability to manage the continued intensification of its poultry, dairy, and beef industries while achieving food security for its people, making agricultural more resilient to changing weather patterns (including the annual monsoon), and protecting its natural resources and the global climate.<br />
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To view the companion India policy brief, related videos, and other country studies, click <a href="http://brightergreen.org/brightergreen.php?id=24">here</a>.<br />
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<pubDate>Tue, 20 Dec 2011 16:23:54 CST</pubDate>
<author> (Caroline Wimberly)</author>
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Large Scale or Small Scale
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<p>Are wind turbines, like these in Holland, feasible in today's Kenya?</p>
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Large-scale projects may sound beneficial and grandiose but whether they actually provide the necessary benefit is questionable. Recently, a large Kenyan power company, <a href="http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/wind-power-project-raises-development-hopes-in-n-kenya/"target="blank">Lake Turkana Wind Power</a>, released a plan to construct 350 wind turbines on leased land in a desert area. However, their project has stalled over the past couple years, and has failed to benefit the off-grid Kenyans who need the power the most. The project has yet to create jobs and will eventually displace people and ecologically disturb the land. In projects such as these, financial obligations and political will may also muddle the vision. The Kenyans who most need this benefit&#8212;which could increase their well being substantially by being connected to the grid or attaining a form of electrification&#8212;are not being addressed. Yes, the wind turbines will increase usage of a renewable source of energy, but will they provide the added benefit that&#8217;s necessary? <!--readmore--><br />
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It may be the smaller projects that reach out to only a few people at a time that will not only spur the growth on a smaller scale, but provide a much larger benefit since they are tailored to communities and needs. For example, Samsung recently created a <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/global-development/2011/oct/28/solar-powered-internet-school-children-africa"target="blank">mobile classroom</a>, a shipping container filled with computers and internet connectivity powered by fold-able solar panels, meant to enhance the educational experience for rural students. To provide students with resources that they&#8217;ve never had before is much more of an added benefit to someone&#8217;s life. It's little tailored initiatives like this that can be implemented quickly, face less bureaucracy and financial constraints, and benefit the parts of society that need power the most.<br />
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Photo by Natasha Cloutier<br />
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<pubDate>Tue, 13 Dec 2011 19:05:52 CST</pubDate>
<author> (Vikas Desai)</author>
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<title><![CDATA[
Ask Him Why He's a Vegetarian
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<img src="http://brightergreen.org/images/blog/rajendra_pachuri.jpg" alt="Rajendra Pachauri speaking in Maine in October 2011" height="133" width="200" />
<p>Rajendra Pachauri speaking in Maine in October 2011</p>
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A near-final version of Brighter Green's forthcoming policy paper, <em>Veg or Non-Veg: India at the Crossroads</em> (policy brief, <a href="http://www.brightergreen.org/files/india_brief_bg_4.pdf">here [PDF]</a>), charting the climate change, food security, resource use and animal welfare impacts of the intensification of India's livestock sector is in the hands of a colleague of <a href="http://www.ipcc.ch/">IPCC</a> head Dr. Rajendra Pachauri. She said she'd be sure he got it. Pachauri runs a research institute, <a href="http://www.teriin.org/index.php">TERI</a>, in New Delhi. I imagine he's pretty busy right now as the <a href="http://www.cop17-cmp7durban.com/">climate talks</a> move to an inexorable conclusion here in Durban. But it turns out he had time to talk to <a href="http://www.democracynow.org/">Democracy Now</a>'s Amy Goodman, who's here, too, about why he's a vegetarian. Here are excerpts. He makes clear he's speaking personally, not on behalf of the IPCC (too bad). Thanks to Stewart David for sharing:<br />
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<strong>Amy Goodman</strong>: Dr. Pachauri, you're a vegetarian?<br />
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<strong>Dr. Rajendra Pachauri</strong>: I became a vegetarian some years ago for environmental reasons.<br />
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<strong>AG</strong>: Why?<br />
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<strong>RP</strong>: Because the meat cycle is highly intensive in emissions of greenhouse gases. If you look at the global meat cycle today and, you know, this is a personal view; I'm not saying this as chairman of the IPCC. Since you asked me a personal question, I'm giving you a personal answer. You cut a number of forests in several parts of the world to create pastureland. Then you feed animals with a lot of food grains, which incidentally are produced with the use of fertilizers and chemicals. Then, when you kill these animals or birds or whatever, they have to be refrigerated. They often have to be transported long distances under refrigeration. And then wholesale stocks of these are kept under refrigeration. Retail stores keep them under refrigeration. Our refrigerators have large freezers, and all of this uses a lot of energy, most of it dependent on fossil fuels.<br />
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You can read more <a href="http://www.democracynow.org/2011/12/7/nobel_winning_ipcc_chair_rajendra_pachauri">here</a> or visit <a href="http://www.democracynow.org">Democracy Now</a>'s website.<br />
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Photo by Kris Krüg for PopTech<br />
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<pubDate>Fri, 09 Dec 2011 18:20:38 CST</pubDate>
<author>mia[at]brightergreen[dot]org (Mia MacDonald)</author>
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The Quiet Ones
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<p>Food for thought</p>
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The quiet ones. That's how the falafel-maker at the <a href="http://www.cop17-cmp7durban.com/">Durban conference</a>'s outdoor food court described himself and other vegans and vegetarian food-producers. The loud ones, he said, are KFC and McDonald's and other meat and dairy-heavy fast-food chains. But, he said, he'd done very well at the conference. Falafel sales surpassed his expectations due, he thought, to the international nature of the . . . conference attendees. <br />
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KFC and McDonald's do loom large here, and market themselves intensively. That was a point made at a panel on veganism and the environment at the people's forum at the <a href="http://www.ukzn.ac.za/Homepage.aspx">University of KwaZulu-Natal</a>. Effectively, they're so loud that people almost don't hear much else. A small bag of sweet potatoes here in Durban costs more than a meal at KFC, an anthropology graduate student confirmed. Amplification's needed. Fueled by falafel, perhaps.<br />
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Photo by PJ Chmiel<br />
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<pubDate>Fri, 09 Dec 2011 12:08:40 CST</pubDate>
<author>mia[at]brightergreen[dot]org (Mia MacDonald)</author>
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The Unanswered Question?
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<p>Su Wei speaking in Durban</p>
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At a packed side event on China and low-carbon development featuring one of China's lead negotiators at the Durban climate talks, Brighter Green got to ask a question: what about the expanding livestock sector in China and rising meat consumption? How will China address this given the climate change and resource implications&mdash;and the fact that the industrialized world is, slowly, reconsidering the model of intensive animal agriculture that it created and has exported? Earlier, Su Wei, a senior member of China's delegation, had said: "We are not part of the cause of climate change, but we should be part of the solution."<br />
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Mr. Su answered the question by stating that the Chinese diet is primarily vegetables and rice (true enough) and Chinese meat consumption is still very low and so there's room to develop more meat-eating (not exactly true: the Chinese eat about half the amount of meat people in the U.S. do). But he added, China is learning about what nutritional system is better&mdash;and suggested that there is some awareness among government officials that the meat-centered American diet may not be right for China (let's hope that's what he meant).<br />
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Another member of the panel added his view that if China is self-sufficient in food, it's better for China and for the world, since global trade cannot be relied upon to feed China. "If there's no food problem in China, the world will be safer." China's imports of soy are rising very fast; maize (corn) imports are also a reality, although the volume is not yet on the level of soy. <br />
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Soy and maize imports are almost exclusively for China's pigs and chickens; the fact of them seems to nettle Chinese officials, since it contravenes the narrative of a China that's self-sufficient in food. Nonetheless, it was good to hear Mr. Su and his colleague talk about meat and food security, if not climate change directly. Interestingly, "su" also means "vegetable" in Chinese. A Brighter Green colleague here handed our policy paper, <em><a href="http://www.brightergreen.org/files/china_bg_pp_2011.pdf">Skillful Means: the Challenges of China's Encounter with Factory Farming</a></em> (PDF) to the head of the Chinese delegation in Durban, <a href="http://www.planetnext.net/tag/xie-zhenhua/">Xie Zhenhua</a>. Convergences ahead?<br />
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Photo by Ainhoa Goma/Oxfam<br />
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<pubDate>Thu, 08 Dec 2011 11:59:07 CST</pubDate>
<author>mia[at]brightergreen[dot]org (Mia MacDonald)</author>
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Children and the COP Climate Summit
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<p>Tuvalu: No place for young men? </p>
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Children at the climate talks? Ban Ki-moon talked the other night about a boy he met in Tuvalu who told Ban he can't sleep at night because he's so worried about floods from rising seas, the result of global climate change. Adam Ole Mwarabu who's a Maasai from Tanzania and a partner in <a href="http://brightergreen.org/brightergreen.php?id=13">Brighter Green's collaborative girls' leadership initiative</a> and who's here in Durban for COP 17, told me he suggested to delegates that children be accredited to attend these climate conferences. &#8220;How old?&#8221; I asked. He said from young to youth, including adolescents. The point, of course, is that the decisions made or unmade in Durban will affect kids' lives much more than they will those of all the adults here. There are a number young people around, but they're not kids: more likely in their early 20s. <br />
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I like Adam's idea, although what it might do to a kid's spirit to spend two weeks at a conference like this is anyone's guess. But perhaps their being here really would change the dynamic, and we could all leave a COP more sanguine about the present, and the future. In the meantime, <a href="http://brightergreen.org/entry.php?id=325">please take a look at this slideshow of the Kenyan girls</a> in the leadership program whom I met last month. They had a lot to say about global warming, and leadership. If the future's in their hands, I'm not quite as dubious about our prospects.<br />
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Photo by weifly<br />
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<pubDate>Thu, 08 Dec 2011 03:51:07 CST</pubDate>
<author>mia[at]brightergreen[dot]org (Mia MacDonald)</author>
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Winding Down (the Climate?) at the Durban Conference
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<p>Wangari Maathai and Achim Steiner at the launch, 12.5 billion trees ago</p>
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Seen at the climate conference in its waning days: lots of young people from all over the world wearing T-shirts emblazoned with "I [heart] KP," as in the Kyoto Protocol. News comes this a.m... however, that the KP may well be the dearly departed&mdash;dead but not quite buried (T-shirts are still visible). Last night I saw the adolescent German kid who'll take over the global <a href="http://www.unep.org/billiontreecampaign/">Billion Tree Campaign</a> in an underground parking lot after a lavish UNEP event with Monaco's green prince, Albert, and UNEP head Achim Steiner, to mark the campaign's success: conceived by Wangari Maathai, 12.5 billion trees have been planted world-wide as a result of it. Felix, the indomitable tree-planter, was wearing his Billion Tree vest and chasing even younger South African kids while holding a watering can. I'm not quite sure what he was watering, since this was a very human-centered landscape. <br />
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This a.m. I saw more youth action, of a sort. The young man (maybe an adolescent, too) at the "Wizard Worms" compost exhibit was texting away as his worms, protected by newspaper, did their work. Let's hope the government delegates do theirs. When I entered the conference center today, I heard "the change that is needed" being intoned by another government representative (via closed circuit TV). As I walked on, I wondered, rather cynically I'll admit, is anybody still really listening?<br />
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Photo by UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)<br />
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<pubDate>Thu, 08 Dec 2011 02:58:01 CST</pubDate>
<author>mia[at]brightergreen[dot]org (Mia MacDonald)</author>
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Arriving and Greening
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<p>Khor at a climate conference in Bangkok in 2008</p>
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Martin Khor of the <a href="http://www.twnside.org.sg">Third World Network</a> spoke last night about China and consumption. Through the Web, the Chinese, he said, have plenty of access to representations of the American dream. He listed a few: three cars in each garage, a big house. They want these things, too. What, Khor asked, will consumption patterns and greenhouse gas emissions look like when the average Chinese income rises from about &#036;4,000 today to &#036;10,000, &#036;20,000 or even &#036;40,000? This, he said, was entirely possible in the span of a few decades given the rates at which China's been growing. How do you change your lifestyle&mdash;your consumption patterns&mdash;from that of the American dream in China?, Khor asked. "Unless the Chinese dream is different from the American dream, it's going to be a big problem . . . and a challenge for policy-makers," he answered. My colleague from Cape Town, Tozie Zofuka, who works with <a href="http://www.ciwf.org.uk/news/compassion_news/south_africa_scores_for_farm_animal_welfare_the_environment_and_human_health.aspx">Compassion in World Farming</a>, offered another angle on this dilemma. <br />
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We all know, more or less, that the resource use required by the "first world" lifestyle is unsustainable for nine billion people&mdash;let alone those alive today. And yet, how do you tell people who've spent years, perhaps even lifetimes, seeking to "arrive" that, when they do, they shouldn't buy a 4 X 4 or a bigger house, or get an air conditioner and a few flat-screen TVs (standard, still desired, symbols of success in industrialized countries). Instead, they should "go green" and get a small, fuel-efficient car (or bike or walk), limit their ambitions for a big, stately home, and forego the huge steak that they could afford to put on their grill for friends . . . even as they see many of those who've been wealthy for years in their own country or elsewhere continue to "live large."<br />
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In South Africa, the question is adumbrated by the factor of race. How convincingly can you tell a black South African, who's endured apartheid and constrained opportunities for much of his life, now that he's finally entered the middle or upper class to say no to conspicuous consumption and the status (I've arrived) that it conveys? As Martin Khor said of China, it's a real challenge and one South Africa and South Africans, like China and the Chinese, are confronting every day. Even so, as <a href="http://www.news24.com/SciTech/News/Zuma-Climate-talks-not-like-soccer-20111206">South African president Jacob Zuma</a> said opening the "high level segment" of the Durban climate conference, it's the industrialized countries' development that's at the heart of the climate crisis; that dream, turned into a global hot flash.<br />
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Photo by IISD (International Institute for Sustainable Development)<br />
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<pubDate>Tue, 06 Dec 2011 10:19:28 CST</pubDate>
<author>mia[at]brightergreen[dot]org (Mia MacDonald)</author>
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Courage and Hesitation in Durban
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<p>Jacob Zuma: Bold faced</p>
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Ban Ki-moon speaking at the UN climate summit a few minutes ago: Let us make Durban a "profile in courage." Jacob Zuma, South Africa's president followed him (yes, the <strong>bold face</strong> name leaders have arrived), reminding the delegates that while all will share the burden of addressing climate change, it's the developed world that caused the problem . . . with their development. Going off script near the end, he said: "We must not hesitate from taking correct actions [in Durban]. The world is watching us . . . with hope"&mdash;and, one could add, trepidation. It's not clear if anything big or concrete really will get done in Durban. Courage could be said to be in short supply, particularly from the rich world countries; it's not high profile.<br />
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Photo by Reuters<br />
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<pubDate>Tue, 06 Dec 2011 09:14:33 CST</pubDate>
<author>mia[at]brightergreen[dot]org (Mia MacDonald)</author>
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COP 17 Cuisine: Climate-Friendly and Not
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<p>Durban Conference Center: Where's the beef?</p>
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You'd think...that with food and agriculture and their links to global warming getting increased attention from climate change researchers and negotiators, including here at COP, that what's served would be more climate-friendly. You'd <em>think</em> that would be the case. <br />
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But you'd be wrong (like me). The main catering facility (UN-speak, I suppose) at the Durban Exhibition Center hardly has a plant-based item on offer. While both Rural Development and Agriculture Day and Forest Day (conferences of a sort held over the weekend here in Durban) had vegetarian options at lunch, they also had beef and chicken, with no indication that those had come from producers practicing "climate-smart agriculture," a catch-all phrase that can and does mean many things to many people here.<br />
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South Africa has a bifurcated agricultural sector: large, industrial operations producing, for example, most of the one billion chickens South Africans eat each year (including those at the ubiquitous KFC); and small-scale farmers working basically at subsistence levels. The first can be very wealthy; the latter are usually very poor. That divide has been acknowledged here in Durban, but there's an emerging narrative that "climate-smart agriculture" may well include more of each: sustainable intensification and greater assistance for small farmers. <br />
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Some of that will potentially come from carbon-credit schemes, another big topic at COP 17 and one not without its intense controversies. Will small- and medium-sized farmers really benefit? How much carbon is stored in soils anyway? And will the deals be equitable, or another way for the rich countries to avoid reducing their emissions while "offsetting" them through a small farm in KwaZuluNatal?<br />
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Even as some of the big international agencies and governments recognize that intensified livestock production means more greenhouse gases, and that people in industrialized countries eat too much meat (I've heard that from several senior policy and scientific people here), what's on the lunch and dinner menus doesn't reflect climate realities.<br />
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Why that's the case is something that continues to puzzle me and not a few others. It is strange: bicycles are here, solar arrays, water harvesting, buses. But climate-friendly food? Not on the agenda. Meanwhile, we frequent the outdoor food court that has vegan options: falafel, veg curries and rice, plus the Durban speciality bunny chow, and a coffee bar with soy milk (also on sale: biltong, or dried meat, of ostriches and kudu). We're glad it's here. If only more government delegates were, too.<br />
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Photo by John Connell<br />
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<pubDate>Mon, 05 Dec 2011 09:09:33 CST</pubDate>
<author>mia[at]brightergreen[dot]org (Mia MacDonald)</author>
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<title><![CDATA[
Killing Bad Incentives, and Not
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<p>Forest Day 5 Logo</p>
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&#8206;"Sustainable intensification" of agriculture is another buzz phrase at the COP 17 climate conference in Durban. No one really has defined what it is. Like "climate-smart agriculture" it could be taken to mean a lot. The glass half full vision is that agriculture intensifies in some places so that other parts of the landscape can be protected. Half empty? That it's used to justify something like factory farming, particularly for pigs and chickens. <br />
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In a presentation at <a href="http://climate-l.iisd.org/events/forest-day-5">"Forest Day"</a> here, Paulo Barreto, a researcher from the Imazon Institute in Brazil, said that to protect forests&mdash;e.g., the Amazon&mdash;we need to "kill those bad incentives" that are leading to the expansion of cattle ranching and soy cultivation at the expense of forests. (His research found that the link between high global prices for beef and soy and rising deforestation rates has been broken in Brazil in the last two years.) But he acknowledged how hard it's been to involve all those with power over the incentives, including in Brazil's Ministry of Agriculture. A vote on Brazil's controversial forest code revisions (which would open up much undeveloped land to agriculture, mostly big and corporate and resource-intensive) takes place in the next few days. Will soy be declared king and the realm of cattle be expanded? The incentives suggest most likely . . . yes, and despite the GHG and biodiversity impacts.<br />
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Image by CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research)<br />
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<pubDate>Mon, 05 Dec 2011 07:05:58 CST</pubDate>
<author>mia[at]brightergreen[dot]org (Mia MacDonald)</author>
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<title><![CDATA[
O Brazil
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<p>Fossil of the Day Logo</p>
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Each day at the Durban climate conference, Climate Action Network (CAN) awards a "fossil of the day" to a particularly bad actor&mdash;a country or a corporation&mdash;that's not apparently interested in addressing climate change seriously, or supporting a strong agreement here. Canada's won several daily awards, as has the U.S. (sigh: yes, we still do excel in this). But Brazil just won, for the revisions it's considering to its forest code that could open vast new areas of Amazon forest and grasslands to big agricultural development (cattle and soy and maize and sugarcane monocultures). <br />
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Apparently, Brazil's environment minister had to delay her travel to Durban to work on (improve? reduce the damage from? scuttle?) the forest code legislation. So, she was not here to receive the award; someone else&mdash;not from Brazil's official delegation&mdash;helpfully stood in. Not part of the presentation (but a point I raised at our COP side event) were these facts: that half of Brazil's greenhouse gas emissions come from the cattle sector alone; 75% are from agriculture. If the forest code changes go through, these emissions will almost surely rise. Fossilized indeed.<br />
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Image by CAN (Climate Action Network)<br />
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<pubDate>Sun, 04 Dec 2011 11:30:45 CST</pubDate>
<author>mia[at]brightergreen[dot]org (Mia MacDonald)</author>
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<title><![CDATA[
Occupy COP and Climate-Smart Agriculture
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<img src="http://brightergreen.org/images/blog/mary_robinson.jpg" alt="Agriculture and Rural Development Day" height="133" width="200" />
<p>Mary Robinson speaks on Agriculture and Rural Development Day</p>
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Occupy agriculture...and climate change? At <a href="http://www.agricultureday.org/blog/?p=333">Agriculture and Rural Development Day</a> at the <a href="http://www.cop17-cmp7durban.com">COP 17 climate conference</a> in Durban, South Africa, where "climate-smart agriculture," a new global buzz-term, small farmers, gender, and sustainability have been big themes (along with the rising human population and the need for increased food production and research). So has a "work program" (UN speak) on agriculture in any agreement that comes out of here. Latest news today is that this may well happen. <a href="http://www.mrfcj.org">Mary Robinson</a> gave a good speech on what a climate justice approach to food security would look like (more equity, more rights, more responsibility from the industrialized world). I see that on Dec. 4th, there's a farmers' march as part of the Occupy Wall St. protest in NYC. Interesting intersections, south and north.<br />
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Photo by Neil Palmer, CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture)<br />
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<pubDate>Sat, 03 Dec 2011 14:55:51 CST</pubDate>
<author>mia[at]brightergreen[dot]org (Mia MacDonald)</author>
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<title><![CDATA[
Seasons at COP 17?
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<img src="http://brightergreen.org/images/blog/constance_okollet.jpg" alt="Constance Okollet" height="133" width="200" />
<p>Constance Okollet</p>
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Constance Okollet from Uganda, a member of <a href="http://climatewisewomen.org">Climate Wise Women</a>, is at COP 17 to testify about the realities of climate change for poor, rural communities. She just described her experience of a drought, followed by floods and evacuation and then, after she and others had returned to their homes, mudslides. Poverty is so widespread that most of the households in her village can't afford parafin for light, so families eat by moonlight. Food production has decreased precipitously since the climate has become so erratic..."and, we used to feed other countries," Okollet added of Uganda. "We want our seasons," she said. "We want climate justice." Is COP 17 going to provide it?<br />
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Photo by Oxfam International<br />
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<pubDate>Sat, 03 Dec 2011 14:51:18 CST</pubDate>
<author>mia[at]brightergreen[dot]org (Mia MacDonald)</author>
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<title><![CDATA[
New Slideshow for Girls' Leadership Program
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Brighter Green's Mia MacDonald recently traveled to Kenya.  While there, she visited the Kenyan girls participating in the <a href="http://brightergreen.org/brightergreen.php?id=13"target="_blank">East African Girls' Leadership Initiative</a> in the boarding schools they attend, in and around the small city of Ngong and the Ngong Hills.<br />
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Seventeen-year-old Elizabeth Kironua Sakuda said about the effect of the program (now in its third year) on her. '"It has helped me on how to be a girl of substance and caliber, and how to lead myself, and also how to lead my community."<br />
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Double-click to view full screen:<br />
<iframe width="300" height="187" src="http://youtube.com/embed/Jo0GDRzHxUQ" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe><br />
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<pubDate>Thu, 24 Nov 2011 10:47:18 CST</pubDate>
<author> (Caroline Wimberly)</author>
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